Natural abundance of oxygen I think
Spontaneous = exothermic. If it is not spontaneous, it is endothermic. ΔG > 0, which means that the reaction uses energy instead of emitting it.
If it’s a carboxylic acid with an alcohol then it’ll form an ester and water.
If you are talking about at the beaches waves would cause increased abrasion because the force of a wave hitting a rock or something else will slowly cause the object to wear away. Also strong winds could cause increased abrasion because the wind could pick up small sand particles that will slowly erode the thing it hits.
The molarity of the stock solution of luminol is 1.2 M
<u><em>calculation</em></u>
step 1: find the moles of luminol using (moles= mass/molar mass) formula
molar mass of Luminol= 177 g/mol
moles is therefore= 16.0 g/ 177 g/mol=0.0904 moles
Step 2: find the molarity using (molarity= moles/volume in liters) formula
convert Ml into liters = 75.0/1000= 0.075 L
molarity is therefore= 0.0904 moles/ 0.075 L= 1.2M
