The experiment that was carried out by Louisa goes to show us that different materials heat up at different rates.
<h3>What is the specific heat capacity?</h3>
The term specific heat capacity just goes to show us the amount of heat that must be absorbed before the temperature of an object would rise by 1 K. In this case, we can see that we have been told that the after 30 minutes, the sand had heated more than the water. This simply implies that the energy that the sand and the water absorbed was able to increase the temperature of the sand mush more than it increased the temperature of the water.
Thus we can see that the heat capacity of the sand is much less than the heat capacity of the water since the sand could be able to be heated up much faster than the the water could be heated up.
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Answer:
Ionisation energy increases along a period but decreases down a group
Explanation:
As you go along the period, the amount of protons in the nuclear increases. This causes nuclear attraction to increase meaning the attraction between the protons and the electrons is higher. This causes the electrons to be held more tightly to the nucleus meaning they are harder to remove. As well as that, the shielding stays the same along a period since the electrons are being added to the same shell, just different orbitals. Overall this makes it harder to remove an electron as you go along a period causing the ionisation energy to increase along a period.
On the other hand when you go down a group, the atomic radius increases. This is because the electrons are added to new shells which are further away from the nucleus, this also causes shielding to increase as there are more shells. This means the outer electrons being removed are held less tightly by the protons in the nucleus meaning they are easier to remove. This means that the ionisation energy decrease down a group.
They have different number of neutrons.
The neutralization reaction goes according to the scheme
H⁺ + OH⁻ = H₂O
acid and base react, salt and water are formed
NaOH + HNO₃ = NaNO₃ + H₂O
2KOH + H₂SO₄ = K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O