A phylogenetic tree based on morphology can be constructed using the presence or lack of characteristics. In this illustration, all aliens except the outgroup possess a spring tail, all aliens possess a fourth eye, two aliens possess two tails, and one alien has a grasping hand. The evolutionary relationships between these organisms can be hypothesized using these traits.
Aliens:
- We can determine whether the following traits are present in the remaining aliens by using the group of aliens with the tail stalk as our test group.
- Out group: a group that is maintained apart from the clade but is yet connected to it.
- If we provide these aliens alphabets for ease of understanding, then aliens will be like in order.
- We can use the group of aliens with the tail stalk as our test group to see if the following characteristics are present in the remaining aliens.
- A group that is kept separate from the clade while yet being affiliated with it is known as an out group.
- The aliens will appear to be in order if we give them alphabets for simplicity.
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The genetic drift is a major factor in evolution when there is lower gene flow
Answer:
1-f; 2-e; 3-a; 4-b; 5-c; 6-d.
Explanation:
Integumentary System - Regulates body temperature, houses cutaneous receptors and synthesizes vitamin D
Nervous System - Responsible for consciousness and memory
Endocrine System - Secretes hormones
Lymphatic System - Transports and filters lymph fluid
Urinary System - Filters and removes waste products from blood
Respiratory System - Responsible for gas exchange between blood and air
Phenotypes, Genotypes, and Traits from Parents represented into offspring.
Answer: The sequence of events of avocado seed germination includes:
Water absorption --> enzyme activation --> radicle emerges --> lengthening of the hypocotyl --> growth of epicotyl and plumule development --> shrinking of the cotyledons.
Explanation:
Germination is defined as all the changes that occurs when a seed embryo resumes it's growth and development to become an independent seedling. Seeds usually germinate in two ways:
--> EPIGEAL germination: in this type of germination, the hypocotyl grows rapidly and elongates, carrying the cotyledon above the soil.The AVOCADO seed is a typical example of a dicotyledonous plant.
The sequence of events of avocado seed germination starts by imbibition which is the rapid in take or absorption of water by the seed through osmosis. Hydration of the embryo activates the enzymes in it which converts insoluble stored food materials into soluble forms. The testa splits and the radicle emerges first. It grows downwards as the primary root from which root hairs and branch roots arise( to form a tap root system). Next, the hypocotyl lengthens, pushes its way up through the soil carrying with it the cotyledons and the plumule. The cotyledons turn green on exposure to sunlight and start to photosynthesize. The epicotyl then grows and the plumule develops into a green shoot. By the time the first foliage leaves grow and begin to photosynthesize, the cotyledons shrink and drop off.
