It defines the element. If you change the protons, you change the type of element. A proton is positively charged and is most of the mass of the atom, next to the neutron. Neutrons have a very very very slightly higher mass.
higher temp=faster motion
lower temp=slowed motion
Don't take my word for it but I think it is
1: proteins
2: energy from the sun, carbon dioxide, and water
3: this one is confusing me but I think it would be nutrients from food and oxygen
4: water
Again these are attempts I can't prove these