Breathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to respiratory acidosis.
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What is respiratory acidosis?</h3>
- When the lungs are unable to expel all of the carbon dioxide the body produces, a condition known as respiratory acidosis develops.
- Body fluids, particularly the blood, become too acidic as a result.
- The main causes of respiratory acidosis are inadequate ventilation and carbon dioxide buildup.
- The main issue is an increase in arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and a decline in the arterial bicarbonate to arterial pCO2 ratio, which causes a drop in blood pH.
- When there is acute respiratory acidosis, the body initially tries to make up for it.
- If the acidosis lasts more than 12 hours, a reaction known as metabolic compensation2 takes place.
- By increasing the release of hydrogen ions through ammonium, the kidneys will lower the blood's acidity.
- Too much carbon dioxide in the body can result in general symptoms including headache, exhaustion, and twitching muscles.
- Frequently, it goes away fast on its own.
- But in cases of severe hypercapnia, the body is unable to return to a stable CO2 level, and the symptoms are more severe.
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Indirect methods like mark and recapture become a strong tool to estimate population size or density in species on which it is impossible to apply a direct methods. <em>Because of their biological and ecological characteristics, the Gypsy moth and the Green lizard populations are good examples for which mark and recapture would work well.</em>
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There are different methods to study population density. There are direct methods and indirect methods. Among these last ones, we might find the Mark-Recapture technique.
The Mark-Recapture technique assumes that
- <em>the population is closed during the sampling season, there is no mortality nor natality, </em>
- <em>marks in the individual last the whole sampling season, and they do not affect the marked individual or their behavior. </em>
- <em>marked individuals are randomly distributed in the population, and </em>
- <em>all the individuals have the same probability of being sampled.</em>
The method consists of capturing a sample of individuals belonging to the population under study. After capturing the individuals, the researcher marks and releases them again. The third step is to sample again: The researcher captures new individuals and counts how many of them are marked. These marked individuals belong to the first sample.
Indirect methods like this become a strong tool to estimate population size or density in species on which it is impossible to apply a direct method such as <em>counting individuals</em>.
For instance, if we need to estimate insects population density (<u><em>Gypsy moth population</em></u>) or reptiles population density (<u><em>Green lizard population</em></u>) because of their biological and ecological characteristics, the best way of doing it is by applying indirect methods. <em>These species characterize as small-sized, fast to escape, they can hide in small inaccessible places, they have nocturnal habits, their reproductive rate is too high, and their distribution rate is wide. </em>Among many other characteristics, their population density can not be estimated by direct methods. Mark-Recapture technique is the most suitable one.
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Answer: Muscle fibers in bundles or fascicles.
Explanation:
Skeletal striated muscle is involved in dense unshaped connective tissue, the Epimysium. From the epimysium depart fine septa of connective tissue to the muscle, separating the bundles and constituting the perimysium, carrying blood vessels and lymphatics and nerves. Every muscle cell is involved in the basal lamina, reticular fibers and a small amount of connective tissue, which form the endomysium. It anchors muscle fibers between them and contains blood capillaries and axons.
Answer:
The vagus nerve has two bunches of sensory nerve cell bodies, and it connects the brain stem to the body. It allows the brain to monitor and receive information about several of the body’s different functions.
Explanation:
The vagus nerve is the longest and most complex of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emanate from the brain. It transmits information to or from the surface of the brain to tissues and organs elsewhere in the body.
There are multiple nervous system functions provided by the vagus nerve and its related parts. The vagus nerve functions contribute to the autonomic nervous system, which consists of the parasympathetic and sympathetic parts
The vagus nerve has a number of different functions. The four key functions of the vagus nerve are:
-Sensory: From the throat, heart, lungs, and abdomen.
-Special sensory: Provides taste sensation behind the tongue.
-Motor: Provides movement functions for the muscles in the neck responsible for swallowing and speech.
-Parasympathetic: Responsible for the digestive tract, respiration, and heart rate functioning.