Find if all the ratios are proportional to 1:8. 2:16 is, so is 3:24, and 4:32. 4.5*8=36, and 5:40 is proportional. 6:48 is, and 6.5*8=52. The table is proportional, just divide the pay by the hours and you should be getting 8.
60,000,000,000 in scientific notation is 6 x 10^10 so you move the decimal 10 times.
Just multiply by 0.15 to get the tip amount and add to your original number. This gives you 32.43
