An ionic bond occurs when an atom transfers or takes Electrons from another atom.
Answer:
The arm that was not sprayed with anything
Explanation:
The control group would be <u>the arm that was not sprayed with anything</u>.
<em>The control group during an experiment is a group that forms the baseline for comparison in other to determine the effects of a treatment. The control group does not include the variable that is being tested and as such, it provides the benchmark to measure the effects of the tested variable on the other group - the experimental group. In this case, the experimental group would be the arm that was sprayed with the repellent.</em>
Answer:
9.3
Explanation:
This is long and complicated so get ready
We are going to use the conjugate base of carbonic acid with water to make carbonic acid and OH- (Na is simply a spectator ion and is irrelavent here)
Let the conjugate base be A- and Carbonic acid be HA
A- + H20 ⇄ HA + OH-
To find the concentration of A- we must find the concentration of the reactants given. We know this will be equal because it is a strong base and all of it disassociates.
to get moles of acid we take the concentration and multiply by liters to cancel
.2653 x .150 = .039795 mol HA
Because it is at equivalence point we know the moles will be equal. We are given the concentration so we only have to solve for liters
We plug it into the equation and found: .181 L
Now use moles and combined volums to fins concentrarion which is .120 M
Now plug that use the Ka converted to Kb to find the cincentrations of HA and OH-
Ka is (10^-3.60) = 2.4E-4
Kb x Ka is 10^-14
Kb = 3.98E-11
Now we know Kb = [HA] [OH] / [A-]
Solve for this through algebra by using x for the values you dont know
youll find x^2 = 3.3E-10
X = 1.8 E -5
this is the OH- concentration
-log [oh] = pOH
pOH = 4.73
We know 14-pOH = ph so pH= 9.3
<span> UV radiation are high energy radiations and they are mutation causing agents so
</span>Mutagen <span> best describes the relationship of solar UV radiation to the environment
so option A is correct
hope it helps</span>
Answer:
a. 3; b. 5; c. 10; d. 12
Explanation:
pH is defined as the negative log of the hydronium concentration:
pH = -log[H₃O⁺] (hydronium concentration)
For problems a. and b., HCl and HNO₃ are strong acids. This means that all of the HCl and HNO₃ would ionize, producing hydronium (H₃O⁺) and the conjugate bases Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻ respectively. Further, since all of the strong acid ionizes, 1 x 10⁻³ M H₃O⁺ would be produced for a., and 1.0 x 10⁻⁵ M H₃O⁺ for b. Plugging in your calculator -log[1 x 10⁻³] and -log[1.0 x 10⁻⁵] would equal 3 and 5, respectively.
For problems c. and d. we are given a strong base rather than acid. In this case, we can calculate the pOH:
pOH = -log[OH⁻] (hydroxide concentration)
Strong bases similarly ionize to completion, producing [OH⁻] in the process; 1 x 10⁻⁴ M OH⁻ will be produced for c., and 1.0 x 10⁻² M OH⁻ produced for d. Taking the negative log of the hydroxide concentrations would yield a pOH of 4 for c. and a pOH of 2 for d.
Finally, to find the pH of c. and d., we can take the pOH and subtract it from 14, giving us 10 for c. and 12 for d.
(Subtracting from 14 is assuming we are at 25°C; 14, the sum of pH and pOH, changes at different temperatures.)
