DNA supports evolution because all life on Earth carries DNA, and evolution happens only after DNA changes. These changes are called mutations and happen spontanoulsy from flawed DNA copying or from mutagens, such as X-rays or chemicals.
The <u>Henderson-Hasselbalch equation</u> and pKa can be used to determine the % ionization if it is assumed that the amino and carboxyl groups are not preventing ionization.
- aspartate at ph 5.4 = 98.3%
- glutamate at ph 11.8 = 100%
- histidine at ph 8.0 = 99%
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation- Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation to determine the pH of a solution. Knowing the pH of a solution is particularly significant for many chemical processes as well as for biological systems. The estimated pH value of a buffer solution may be determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
pH- A solution's acidity or alkalinity may be determined based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution, or pH. Typically, the pH scale runs from 0 to 14.
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Biologists call those groups DOMAINS
Answer:
Option (A)
Explanation:
The Precambrian represents the time period, right from the beginning of the earth to about 540 million years back. It is divided into 3 parts, namely the Hadean, the Archean and the Proterozoic. Throughout this geological time, vast changes have taken place on earth. The first life forms of about 3.8 billion years old, that existed on earth were the simple unicellular organisms, whose traces were only found at some particular places. These organisms were very small and are comprised of soft bodies, so they were affected by the earth's dynamic processes. The organisms in order to get fossilized must contain hard parts. Due to the presence of soft bodies, the organisms were not fossilized and so it took a long time to demarcate that the late Precambrian organisms were animal-like life.
hence, the correct answer is option (A).