Answer:
a.Many mitochondrial genes resemble proteobacteria genes, while the genes in the chloroplast resemble genes found in some photosynthetic bacteria.
c.Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes that are similar to those found in bacteria.
d.Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate by a process similar to mitosis.
Explanation:
Endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplast which are organelles of eukaryotic cells were once independently living micro-organisms but with due course of time eukaryotic cells engulfed them and they become an integral part of these eukaryotic cells.
The resemblance between mitochondrial genes with those of proteobacteria and chloroplast genes with photosynthetic bacteria strongly support endosymbiotic theory. Apart from this, the presence of their own DNA that too circular just like prokaryotic microbes and 70 S ribosomes also support this theory. Also just like prokaryotic cells, before cell division mitochondria and chloroplasts undergo replication by means of a process known as binary fission.
They aren’t common denominators
Evolution's patterns manifest as nested similarities. nesting occurs between molecular sequences of evolutionary related organisms and between the different taxa arranged in a phylogenetic tree. True
Phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between various species.
Nesting behavior is an urge in the pregnant animal to prepare a home for the upcoming generation which occurs due to increase in the amount of estradiol to protect them from predators and environment.
Nesting behavior is also taken consideration to understand the phylogenetic similarities between various species.
To learn more about Phylogenetic tree here
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By mating with desired traits is your answer