Cenozoic Era: Deinotherium
Mesozoic Era: Ichthyosaur
Paleozoic Era: Trilobites
Precambrian Era: Ediacarans
Didn't quit understand the question but if you were asking who basically came up with the idea of offspring inherited traits then the idea was proposed in ancient times by Hippocrates and Aristotle and was commonly accepted near to Lamarck's time.
C the presence of harmful substances in food
Using energy is the answer to this question :)