Which of the factors likely contributed to the evolution of inducible defenses against herbivory? Select all that apply. a. diff
ering strategies for overcoming plant defenses among herbivores b. unpredictable fluctuations in local herbivore populations c. the cost to growth of allocating resources to defense d. consistent fitness benefits of high allocations to defense
c. the cost to growth of allocating resources to defense
d. consistent fitness benefits of high allocations to defense
Explanation:
In order to ensure survival by escape of grazing and browsing by herbivores (and insects) plant usually adopt different defence mechanisms.This forms the basis for the optimum defence hypothesis .
The basic idea of the hypothesis is that the type of defence that an organism e.g plant will adopt against an herbivore depends on its fitness, and since this involve expenditure of energy it will be expensive for the organism to afford and maintain.
The Moon's gravity pulls more on the planet than the water on the opposite side. These two water bulges on opposite sides of the Earth aligned with the Moon are the high tides. Spring tides occur when the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are aligned, increasing the gravitational pull on the oceans.
Fusion powers stars and produces virtually all elements in a process called nucleosynthesis. The Sun is a main-sequence star, and, as such, generates its energy by nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium.
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process - it does not need oxygen to proceed. ... They follow glycolysis with the Krebs cycle and electron transport to make more ATP than by glycolysis alone. Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration.
