The process of protein synthesis involves two steps such as transcription and translation. In the process of transcription the encoded information in the DNA is transcripts or encoded into messenger RNA or mRNA inside the nucleus. This mRNA then comes out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In the process of translation the mRNA molecule attach with the ribosomes and tRNA molecules to synthesise the protein.
Explained in greater detail, each gene resides at a specific locus (location on a chromosome) in two copies, one copy of the gene inherited from each parent. The copies, however, are not necessarily the same. When the copies of a gene differ from each other, they are known as alleles.
