The principal-agent problem could be defined by saying that it is an agent who benefits from the effort of others without having even participated in the joint effort. It is a concept that is to be linked more broadly to the problems of information asymmetry.
<span>The term moral hazard refers to a type of market failure where the existence of insurance against a certain risk increases the likelihood of the occurrence of the event causing the risk.</span>
<u>The right answer is:</u>
Principal-agent problem matches with 2
Asymmetric information matches with 3
Adverse selection matches with 4
Moral hazard matches with 1
The answer is Cutaneous Respiration. It is respiration through the surface of the skin. Cutaneous Respiration is used to supplement respiration alongside the use of their lungs. Cutaneous respiration<span> occurs primarily as a means of carbon dioxide exchange, with the majority of oxygen exchange occurring in the </span>lungs<span>. Frogs </span><span>take up most of their oxygen through </span>cutaneous respiration<span>, even if they possess </span>lungs<span>.</span>
Answer:
Pigmentation, (skin color), in humans has evolved under selection pressure from the duration and intensity of sunlight. Ancestral populations near the equator were selected for dark skin, while those living in higher northern latitudes were selected for lighter skin.
