In immunology two types of immune response are described depending on whether there is prior contact with the antigen.
• At this first contact, only lymphocytes with receptors specific to the antigen in question are stimulated and lead to the production of antibodies capable of neutralizing it. The lymphocytes capable of recognizing a specific antigen are very few and the production of antibodies - of low intensity and limited duration - is detectable only after a period of latency of several days. This is called the primary response. The specificity of the resulting seropositivity, however, makes it possible to detect contamination (seroconversion).
• Upon re-contact with an antigen that has already triggered a primary response, specific antibody production is found to increase rapidly after a short latency period. The secretion of IgG then reaches levels much higher than those observed during the primary response, while that of IgM is of the same order. This early and intense response, called secondary response, most often results in the destruction of infectious agents before any clinical sign.
• Many centuries before the discovery of microbes, it was noted that people who developed a contagious disease without death were then specifically immunized against the disease, without being protected against others.
• The ability to react appropriately to an already received stimulus supposes the existence of a memory. The immune memory is based on the existence of memory B and T lymphocytes, resulting from the clonal expansion due to the first contact with the antigen. Their lifespan is significantly higher than that of other lymphocytes and their high reactivity gives its rapid and intense character to the secondary response.
the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits?. Such as, the process by which peas are allowed to self-pollinate and produce offspring identical to themselves. A specific characteristic that varies from one individual organism to another. The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits. The chemical factors that are passed from one generation to the next.
Answer:
Abiotic factors play a large role in determining the types and traits of organisms that inhabit a given ecosystem. For example, air temperature, soil pH and type, the availability of fresh water, and the amount of sunlight all interact to influence what types of vegetation can thrive in a terrestrial habitat.
Explanation:
mark me brainliest!!
According to all known laws of aviation, a bee
Yes you are correct, can you put me as brainliest PLEASEEE
