they are formed by layers of dead cells and is produced by the formation of multiple layers of suberized periderm, cortical and phloem tissue.
Penicillins disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis.
<h3>
How does penicillin affect bacterial cell walls?</h3>
- Penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting the proteins which cross-link peptidoglycans in the cell wall .
- When a bacterium divides in the presence of penicillin, it cannot fill in the “holes” left in its cell wall.
- β-Lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems, are distinguished by a lactam ring in their molecular structure and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.
- Penicillins work by bursting the cell wall of bacteria. Drugs in the penicillin class work by indirectly bursting bacterial cell walls.
- They do this by acting directly on peptidoglycans, which play an essential structural role in bacterial cells.
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Answer:
monoallelic gene expression
Explanation:
<em>Monoallelic expression is a type of gene expression where only a copy out of the two copies of a gene is expressed and the other is silent. </em>
A gene is usually represented by two alleles representing alternate forms of the same character. Individuals inherit an allele each from their two parents for every gene within their genomes.
When only one of the alleles is expressed for a particular gene while the other allele remains silent, such phenomenon is referred to as monoallelic gene expression.
Answer:
Organisms depends on physical and biological factors of an ecosystem.
Explanation:
Biological and physical changes cause shift in an ecosystem's populations because the population of organisms depends and greatly affected from the environmental factors such as temperature, moisture etc. These environmental factors causes change in the physical features of an ecosystem so when these changes occur in physical factors, it greatly affected the population of organisms.