Answer:
D Flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient
Explanation:
The chloroplast adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase uses the electrochemical proton gradient generated by photosynthesis to produce ATP, the energy currency of all cells. Protons conducted through the membrane-embedded Fo motor drive ATP synthesis in the F1 head by rotary catalysis.
In chloroplasts, photosynthetic electron transport generates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane which then drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.
The light-induced electron transfer in photosynthesis drives protons into the thylakoid lumen. The excess protons flow out of the lumen through ATP synthase to generate ATP in the stroma.
Majority of ATP is produced by OXIDATION PHOSPHORYLATION. The generation of ATP by oxidation phosphorylation differs from the way ATP is produced during glycolysis.
Electrons are passed from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of redox reactions. Energy released in these reactions is captured as a proton gradient, which is then used to make ATP in a process called chemiosmosis.
Answer:An inherited, natural selection.
Explanation: Adaptation is the process through which living organisms develop mechanisms this mechanisms may be Inherited to enable them survive competition and other prevailing circumstances. Which can also be environmental, climatic factors etc.
Adaptation helps to ensure the principle of NATURAL SELECTION,where organisms which have been able to develop similar mechanisms or have natural mechanisms that has enabled them to survive the prevailing circumstances in the habitat.
Humans are creating antibiotic resistant bacteria through a process if <u>Recombinant</u><u> </u><u>DNA</u>
Answer:
Mutation, an alteration in the genetic material (the genome) of a cell of a living organism or of a virus that is more or less permanent and that can be transmitted to the cell’s or the virus’s descendants. The genomes of organisms are all composed of DNA, whereas viral genomes can be of DNA or RNA.
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Answer:
1 respiration
Explanation:
Specifically, during cellular respiration, the energy stored in glucose is transferred to ATP (Figure below). ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is chemical energy the cell can use. ... Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphate groups (PO4-) of the ATP molecule
