Carbons starting from the left end:
- sp²
- sp²
- sp²
- sp
- sp
Refer to the sketch attached.
<h3>Explanation</h3>
The hybridization of a carbon atom depends on the number of electron domains that it has.
Each chemical bond counts as one single electron domain. This is the case for all chemical bonds: single, double, or triple. Each lone pair also counts as one electron domain. However, lone pairs are seldom seen on carbon atoms.
Each carbon atom has four valence electrons. It can form up to four chemical bonds. As a result, a carbon atom can have up to four electron domains. It has a minimum of two electron domains, with either two double bonds or one single bond and one triple bond.
- A carbon atom with four electron domains is sp³ hybridized;
- A carbon atom with three electron domains is sp² hybridized;
- A carbon atom with two electron domains is sp hybridized.
Starting from the left end (H₂C=CH-) of the molecule:
- The first carbon has three electron domains: two C-H single bonds and one C=C double bond; It is sp² hybridized.
- The second carbon has three electron domains: one C-H single bond, one C-C single bond, and one C=C double bond; it is sp² hybridized.
- The third carbon has three electron domains: two C-C single bonds and one C=O double bond; it is sp² hybridized.
- The fourth carbon has two electron domains: one C-C single bond and one C≡C triple bond; it is sp hybridized.
- The fifth carbon has two electron domains: one C-H single bond and one C≡C triple bond; it is sp hybridized.
Answer:
The bronsted- Lowry acid is H₂PO₄⁻
Explanation:
Bronsted-Lowry acid donates a proton (H⁺)
H₂PO₄⁻ + OH⁻ → HPO₄²⁻ + H₂O
In the reaction above, H₂PO₄⁻ is donating the proton to OH⁻ resulting in H₂O and the deprotonated species. This makes it a bronsted-Lowry acid.
Answer:
There was 450.068g of water in the pot.
Explanation:
Latent heat of vaporisation = 2260 kJ/kg = 2260 J/g = L
Specific Heat of Steam = 2.010 kJ/kg C = 2.010 J/g = s
Let m = x g be the weight of water in the pot.
Energy required to vaporise water = mL = 2260x
Energy required to raise the temperature of water from 100 C to 135 C = msΔT = 70.35x
Total energy required =
Hence, there was 450.068g of water in the pot.
Answer : The formula for each of the following is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Explanation :
- Alkanes are hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms are connected with single covalent bonds.
The general formula of alkanes is where n is the number of the carbon atoms present in a molecule of alkane.
- Alkenes are hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms are connected with double covalent bonds.
The general formula of alkenes is where n is the number of the carbon atoms present in a molecule of alkene.
- Alkynes are hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms are connected with triple covalent bonds.
The general formula of alkynes is where n is the number of the carbon atoms present in a molecule of alkyne.
(a) An alkane with 22 carbon atoms
Putting n = 22 in the general formula of alkane, we get the formula of alkane as, or
(b) An alkene with 17 carbon atoms
Putting n = 17 in the general formula of alkene, we get the formula of alkene as, or
(c) An alkyne with 13 carbon atoms
Putting n = 13 in the general formula of alkyne, we get the formula of alkyne as, or