Ionic bonds <span>are the type of bonds where there is </span>transfer<span> of electrons from one atom to another. The electrons are removed and from one atom and attached to another. A good example is salt which is composed of sodium and chlorine. Sodium readily loses one of its electrons and chlorine readily accepts it. Before losing the electron, sodium has a positive charge, but then becomes negatively charged after giving up the electron. Chlorine has a positive charge before gaining the electron but becomes negatively charged after gaining the electron. These opposite charges between sodium and chlorine attract the two elements together to form the ionic bond.</span>
Https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10039/
I'd say that it is C. by burning food molecules and releasing their energy as heat
The correct answer for this question is this one: "c. J.J. Thompson." J. J. Thomson is the <span>scientist who designed an experiment that enabled the first successful detection of an individual subatomic particle. </span>J.J. Thomson<span> (Sir Joseph John Thomson, 1856-1940), who demonstrated in 1897 that "cathode rays" consisted of negatively-charged particles, later named electrons.</span>