The correct answer would be 5' capping, 3' polyadenylation , and intron splicing.
In eukaryotes, transcription results in the formation of pre-mRNA which needs to be processed in order to become mRNA (messenger ribonucleotide).
The pre-mRNA processing include:
Addition of 5'cap (usually modified guanine nucleotide) at the 5'-end of the RNA. It prevents the RNA degradation and also help in the attachment of ribosome for translation.
Addition poly-adenine (poly-A) tail at the 3'-end of the RNA. It increases the stability of the RNA and helps in its export out of the nucleus.
Lastly, splicing takes place which removes the introns and joins the exons. Alternative splicing can also take place in order to produce many mRNA from a single gene.
The nucleus contains the cells DNA(genetic material) which is basically the recipe for making proteins. mRNA is first transcribed off of DNA and then in translated(by ribosomes) to polypeptides(proteins).
Since fish feeds primarily on large amphipod,
therefore what we expect to remain to evolve on ponds containing fish would be
smaller amphipod or crustacean. Then correct answer to this question would be:
<span>“Ponds with fish should have smaller amphipods.”</span>
