Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
Answer:
As the type of investigation is not discussed, lets answer the question generally.
Explanation:
One of the properties of water is that water in the form of ice is less dense as compared to water liquid water. This property of water lets fishes survive in conditions when the temperature is freezing.
The hydrogen bonds in water make the water turn into a vast, honeycomb structure when the temperature is below 4 degrees Celsius. This causes the ice to float on water and the fishes can stay alive in the liquid water underneath the ice.
Answer:
Population Size and Density: Total size is generally expressed as the number of individuals in a population. ...
Population dispersion or spatial distribution: ...
Age structure: ...
Natality (birth rate): ...
Mortality (death rate):
Explanation: