Answer:
PFFT this might help? sorry if not mate
Explanation:
Cell cycle checkpoint controls play a major role in preventing the development of cancer [see Sherr, 1994, for a more detailed discussion]. Major checkpoints occur at the G1 to S phase transition and at the G2 to M phase transitions. Cancer is a genetic disease that arises from defects in growth-promoting oncogenes and growth-suppressing tumor suppressor genes. The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a role in both the G1/S phase and G2/M phase checkpoints. The mechanism for this activity at the G1/S phase checkpoint is well understood, but its mechanism of action at the G2/M phase checkpoint remains to be elucidated. The p53 protein is thought to prevent chromosomal replication specifically during the cell cycle if DNA damage is present. In addition, p53 can induce a type of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, under certain circumstances. The general goal of p53 appears to be the prevention of cell propagation if mutations are present. The p53 protein acts as a transcription factor by binding to certain specific genes and regulating their expression. One of these, WAF1 or Cip1, is activated by p53 and is an essential downstream mediator of p53-dependent G1/S phase checkpoint control. The function of p53 can be suppressed by another gene, MDM2, which is overexpressed in certain tumorigenic mouse cells and binds to p53 protein, thus inhibiting its transcriptional activation function. Other cellular proteins have been found to bind to p53, but the significance of the associations is not completely understood in all cases. The large number of human cancers in which the p53 gene is altered makes this gene a good candidate for cancer screening approaches.
Answer:
Genetic diversity is important because it could ensure that certain groups of individuals, species, or populations will be able to adapt to certain environmental factors. Thus, genetic variation helps the species in terms of its adaptability, survival, and its evolution
Explanation:
Answer:
epidermis
Explanation:
The epidermis is the protective outer layer of clonally related cells covering all plant organs. and the outer most layer in animals is no
Answer:
Unconditioned stimulus.
Explanation:
Classical conditioning may be defined as a type of learning procedure in which the biological procedure is used to pair up with the previous nerve stimulus. This stimulus result in the response of an individual.
The Pavlov experiment with the dog explains the process of classical conditioning. The ringing of bell (conditioned stimulus) is paired with unconditioned stimulus (meat presentation).
Thus, the meat presentation is unconditioned stimulus.
I don't completely understand the question, but I am guessing that you are trying to finish the sentence. If so, the answer is "Diffusion continues until the concentration on both sides of the membrane is <u>equal</u>". The reason it's equal is because diffusion always travels high to low, to reach a point of equilibrium. The particles are trying to move so that water is the same inside and outside of the cell/membrane, and the solute is also equal on the inside and outside of the cell/membrane. If that doesn't make sense, just comment any questions you have and I will try my best to answer :)
