If red light is shined on a population of red walking beans then they would not be as red as when started because they need light to survive and red light is present but they reflect it until they need it to survive.
Mutations that naturally occur can change phenotype and if it is beneficial to the species then it will be past on if it is no then it will die before passing it on.
There was no life on Earth for the first billion years because the atmosphere was not suitable for life. Earth's first atmosphere had lots of water vapor but had almost no oxygen. Later, frequent volcanic eruptions put several different gases into the air.
Maybe B. the government because maybe he was the important one.