An irrational number/value is one you cannot express in terms of a ration, or a fraction, it cannot be written as fraction
now 291.87... is simple, two decimals, so you use two zeros at the botom and end up with
and boom, there you are, a fraction, nice and dandy
now, let's see the first one -√(127) well, low and behold, 127 is a prime number, and and thus is has no two factors that'd serve as root, so, there's no rational root that'd give that, that makes it irrational
The quotient of two positive integers or two negative integers is positive. The quotient of a positive integer and a negative is negative. Hope you understand how to divide integers now.