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2 years ago

Help please!!! I give Brainliast please help

Biology

1 answer:

Simora [160]2 years ago

3 0

Before you tackle this essay, there are two charts attached, which will probably help you a lot more, but I still wanted to provide you with a written portion just in case. Be warned, the essay is pretty large. :) Hope this helps!

Non-living Components

There are subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons. And we could go at micro nano levels too. But we will start with atoms to explain the hierarchy.

Atoms: it’s the smallest unit of any substance in the entire world. Atom is made of neutrons, protons, and electrons. The number of electrons and protons in an atom decides what kind it is starting with Hydrogen in the periodic table which has only 1 electron and 1 proton

Molecules: it’s a group of atoms which are attracted together to bind together in strong or weak bonds.

Biomolecules: there are specific molecules which are required for living organisms called biomolecules. These help in different metabolic activities happening in a living body. Biomolecules are naturally found in the environment or are synthesized in the body.

Living components

Organelle: these are a specific section in the where biomolecules are used or synthesized. Several biochemical reactions happen in this particular space. Each organelle has its own lipid layered membranes to enclose all the reaction in them.

Cell: cells are the basic unit of life in which each has its own set of organelles in it. All the organelles have their own function and collaborate with each other taking care of the requirements of the cells.

Tissue: Cluster of the same group of cells functioning at its own. Cell to cell interaction can be seen in a tissue.

Organ: Group of tissue which cluster up to become functional and work with specific goal.

Organ systems: the organs connect together to work for a specific goal creating an organ system.

Organism: it’s an independent living system which comprises at least one cell or more.

Population: it’s a cluster of organisms of the same species associated together.

Biocoenosis or Community: 2 or more species assemble in a particular geographical area interacting each other.

Ecosystem: According to a particular environment, a group of organisms collaborate and survive as an ecosystem. This depends on the nonliving environment surrounding the organism.

Biome: it’s a community of ecosystem which survives in common environment. There are 2 major subdivisions for a biome. They are Terrestrial and Marine. But again there are a number of subdivisions for these 2 which include types like Tropical, Tundra, desert, Pelecypod, Coral etc.

Biosphere: biosphere is the collection of all ecosystem. Earth is one biosphere where you can find all the living ecosystem that we know exist.

All the living organisms we find are a small part of this hierarchy. It took a ton of research, which meant a lot of time and work to put forth this organization from a single atom to a biosphere which is the most complicated one. The hierarchy of organizations of life, help us to understand that we humans are not the dominant beings present in this world. This world belongs to much more than we can think of. Also, we need a mutual relationship with each segment of the hierarchical levels.

Here are a few charts/diagrams to help you out.

Hope this helps!

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Match the elements to the type of cycle that they possess Carbon Sulfur Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sedimentary Cycle or Gaseous

Aleks04 [339]

Answer:

Sulfur, phosphorous.... sedimentary cycle.

Carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.... gaseous cycle

4 0

2 years ago

Outline the various levels of immunity regarding specific/non-specific, innate and adaptive.

Kay [80]

Explanation:

We are constantly being exposed to infectious agents and yet, in most cases, we are able to resist these infections. It is our immune system that enables us to resist infections. The immune system is composed of two major subdivisions, the innate or non-specific immune system and the adaptive or specific immune system (Figure 1). The innate immune system is our first line of defense against invading organisms while the adaptive immune system acts as a second line of defense and also affords protection against re-exposure to the same pathogen. Each of the major subdivisions of the immune system has both cellular and humoral components by which they carry out their protective function (Figure 1). In addition, the innate immune system also has anatomical features that function as barriers to infection. Although these two arms of the immune system have distinct functions, there is interplay between these systems (i.e., components of the innate immune system influence the adaptive immune system and vice versa).

Although the innate and adaptive immune systems both function to protect against invading organisms, they differ in a number of ways. The adaptive immune system requires some time to react to an invading organism, whereas the innate immune system includes defenses that, for the most part, are constitutively present and ready to be mobilized upon infection. Second, the adaptive immune system is antigen specific and reacts only with the organism that induced the response. In contrast, the innate system is not antigen specific and reacts equally well to a variety of organisms. Finally, the adaptive immune system demonstrates immunological memory. It “remembers” that it has encountered an invading organism and reacts more rapidly on subsequent exposure to the same organism. In contrast, the innate immune system does not demonstrate immunological memory.

All cells of the immune system have their origin in the bone marrow and they include myeloid (neutrophils, basophils, eosinpophils, macrophages and dendritic cells) and lymphoid (B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte and Natural Killer) cells (Figure 2), which differentiate along distinct pathways (Figure 3). The myeloid progenitor (stem) cell in the bone marrow gives rise to erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells whereas the lymphoid progenitor (stem) cell gives rise to the NK, T cells and B cells. For T cell development the precursor T cells must migrate to the thymus where they undergo differentiation into two distinct types of T cells, the CD4+ T helper cell and the CD8+ pre-cytotoxic T cell. Two types of T helper cells are produced in the thymus the TH1 cells, which help the CD8+ pre-cytotoxic cells to differentiate into cytotoxic T cells, and TH2 cells, which help B cells, differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies.

The main function of the immune system is self/non-self discrimination. This ability to distinguish between self and non-self is necessary to protect the organism from invading pathogens and to eliminate modified or altered cells (e.g. malignant cells). Since pathogens may replicate intracellularly (viruses and some bacteria and parasites) or extracellularly (most bacteria, fungi and parasites), different components of the immune system have evolved to protect against these different types of pathogens. It is important to remember that infection with an organism does not necessarily mean diseases, since the immune system in most cases will be able to eliminate the infection before disease occurs. Disease occurs only when the bolus of infection is high, when the virulence of the invading organism is great or when immunity is compromised. Although the immune system, for the most part, has beneficial effects, there can be detrimental effects as well. During inflammation, which is the response to an invading organism, there may be local discomfort and collateral damage to healthy tissue as a result of the toxic products produced by the immune response. In addition, in some cases the immune response can be directed toward self tissues resulting in autoimmune disease.

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2 years ago

Your friend reported feeling greater energy and a sense of well-being after taking a drug. medical tests reveal increased activi

rusak2 [61]

What is your question? Can you post it please?

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2 years ago

Mention the name of four groups of important pathogenic E. coli? Can TBX medium be used to recover all types of nonpathogenic an

Law Incorporation [45]

The four groups of pathogenic E.coli are enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, verocytotoxigenic and enteroinvasive groups. These groups can best be isolated and recoved through luria broth.

<h3>What is Escherichia coli?</h3>

The pathogenic E. coli or Escherichia coli serotypes are grouped on the basis of their mechanism of causing symptoms in humans. The six groups of pathogenic E.coli are enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, verocytotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, enteroaggregative and diffusely adherent E. coli.

Luria broth (LB) is one of the most commonly used growth medium for E. coli. It promotes fast growth of the organism and also provides good plasmid yields, making it an excellent choice for most laboratory applications, especially the small-scale plasmid preps.

Learn more about E.coli here:

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8 months ago

The nutrien the nutrients needed in the human diet are ts needed in the human diet are

grin007 [14]

Carbohydrates
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Lipids
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2 years ago