According to Dalton's law of partial pressures, a mixture of gases inflict pressure in a direct proportion to their volume/mass etc. Therefore, since 79 percent of the air is composed of nitrogen and 21 percent of Oxygen, we multiply 101.3 kPa by 0.79 = 80.027 kPa by Nitrogen, 101.3 kPa by 0.21 = 21.273 kPa by Oxygen.
In the following redox reaction, the reducing agent is MnO2 (option D). Details about reducing agent can be found below.
<h3>What is a reducing agent?</h3>
A reducing agent in a redox reaction is any substance that reduces, or donates electrons to another, hence, it becomes oxidized.
According to this question, a redox reaction is given as follows: MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) = Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
As shown in the equation, MnO2 is oxidized into Mn2+, therefore, it is the reducing agent.
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Some properties to differentiate between the minerals include:
Ductility
Malleability
Luster
Particle Size
Ability to react with chemicals
etc....
It's the actual structure of diamond which made the two different. Diamonds have a tetrahedral structure, and as for graphite, it's not structured in that way. The structures of the two is also the reason why diamond is harder than graphite.