To start, let's note that to factor something, we need to GCF (Greatest common factor). Notice that we have a 16 and 1 as the coefficients, but because there is a 1, there is a coefficient of 1 in the GCF. Now notice that in x^5 and x^3, the GCF is x^3. So, we get x^3(16x^2 - 1). But, we are not done yet! 16x^2 - 1 is a difference of squares, where a^2 - b^2 = (a + b)(a - b), so a is 4x and b is 1, so we get (4x + 1)(4x - 1), so the final answer is x^3(4x + 1)(4x - 1).
