Answer 1 is the most likely option.
I have not read the book but the hint refers to PROBLEMS that Jack is causing, and challenging leadership and rules seems the most problematic as the rest of the answers seem like helpful behavior.
Answer:
Research has determined that fruits produced from healthy soil, in organic farms instead of conventional farms, usually have more vitamins and antioxidants, as well as better flavor compounds, which results in more nutritious food.
Explanation:
Mineral fertilizers and some farming practices can be harmful to the nutritious value of the food produced.
The sentence is not subjunctive because it actually happened if the person wished or desired that thing to happen then it will be subjunctive.
Hope this helps :)