Answer: It is approximately the membrane potential at which the electrochemical gradient for Na+ is zero.
Explanation:
The charge in plasma membrane occurs with diffusion and electric fields.
For example, if there are two solutions, let's assume solution X and Solution Y are separated by a porous barrier (to diffuse in equal proportions).
The fundamental principle of diffusion states that solution from a high concentration diffuses to a lower concentration.
For instance, if the X solution contains 40 sodium ions and 40 chloride ions, the Y solution only has 30 sodium and 30 chloride ions. Due to the diffusion, these two solutions will mix and reach a steady-state.
The like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
Answer:
Among vertebrates, external fertilization is most common in amphibians and fish. Invertebrates utilizing external fertilization are mostly benthic, sessile, or both, including animals such as coral, sea anemones, and tube-dwelling polychaetes. Benthic marine plants also use external fertilization to reproduce.
= Fish
Explanation:
It’s symmetrical if it’s equal on both sides?
Answer:
The three genes in coupling are in repulsion.
Explanation:
Coupling happens when the dominant alleles and the recessive alleles are on the same homologous chromosome, while the repulsion happens when one chromosome has one dominant allele and one recessive allele and another homologous chromosome also has dominant and recessive alleles.
If the progeny has:
nb+ ls+ a/nb ls a ⇒ nb+ ls+ a
nb ls a+/nb ls a ⇒ nb ls a+
Where nb+ ls+ a is the dominant alleles and nb and nb+ is in middle.
ls+ nb+ are on the same chromosome (both dominant)
ls nb are on the same chromosome (both recessive)
ls nb, these two are in coupling with each other, but ls+ and a are on the chromosome and ls+ or nb+ are dominant, while nb+ and a are recessive on form a, thus, ls and nb, they are in repulsion with a.
Answer:
C - They are also the starting material (reactants) of Cellular Respiration.
Explanation:
Hope this Helps!!
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