I think it would be "According to some scholars, when poorly educated people read, wrote, and spoke, they corrupted the English language." and "There was no authority on the"correct" way to use or spell words."
Ugh, I loooooove Blink 182!! Lets work together on this. For the intro, we know that our starter sentence needs to be a Hook, or something that will grab the reader's attention. So think of a small factoid or question to ask/tell the reader.
I can continue to help you out in the comments :)
A. counterclaim , the formal word for the oppenets opinion