Answer:
Ecology is the study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them. ... Changes in ecosystems can result from many different factors including diseases among the organisms living in the area, increases in temperature, and increased human activities.
Explanation:
The conditioned reinforcers known as tokens can be accumulated and traded for different reinforcers.
Any two suitable examples, such as a compliment, an invitation to dinner, the presence of a loved one, or a warm greeting are all suitable examples. These are all conditioned reinforcers since they are connected to stronger reinforcers. They cannot be accumulated and swapped for different backup reinforcers, hence they cannot be considered tokens.
What is backup reinforcer?
Backup reinforce is a reinforcer that serves as the foundation for a conditioned reinforcer. It is a reinforcer in a token system for which tokens can be traded in order to keep their reinforcing properties. For instance, poker chips can be converted into cash at the conclusion of a game of poker. The money serves as a secondary reinforcer in this situation. It is allowed to use any two relevant examples.
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The answer is the apoplast, the symplast, and the transmembrane pathway.
1. The apoplast pathway occurs through cell walls and space between cells. So, water does not cross any cell membrane as it travels this pathway.
2. The symplast pathway occurs through the continuum of cytoplasm. So, water travels through plasmodesmata which connect cells.
3. The transmembrane pathway occurs across cell membranes. So, water enters the cell on one side of the membrane and exits on the other.
the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders.
