The immense amount of information stored in DNA is coded with just four base nucleotides. These four nucleotides are paired by twos to form <u>complementary </u>DNA chains.
The makeup of DNA is limited to two <u>pairs </u>of nucleotides bases. One of these pairs is a pyrimidine base whilst the other forms a purine base. The four nucleotides that will make up the entire DNA code are:
- Adenine (A)
- Guanine (G)
- Cytosine (C)
- Thymine (T).
A and G will pair to form the purine base, meanwhile, Cytosine pairs with Thymine to form the <em>pyrimidine base</em>. As per the entire DNA code, A will always pair with G.
Whilst C always pairs with T. This is due to the very nature of the nucleotides themselves and will not change throughout the synthesis or duplication of DNA. Therefore, to complete the complementary strand described in the assignment we must match the letter given with its corresponding base pair, using this rule of DNA.
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Punnett squares are used to find out the possible genotypes of the next generation after a cross and thus find the phenotype too according to the predicted genotypes.
For example, parents with genotypes of Rr and rr cross together, we can use the punnett square to list out the possible genotypes of their children which are Rr and rr.
You can never predict the exact genotypes of the next child but you can find out the possibility if they carry a certain trait. All the genotypes of the child are in random but you at least know what phenotypes they'll have.
Answer:
The Calvin cycle has four main steps: carbon fixation, reduction phase, carbohydrate formation, and regeneration phase. Energy to fuel chemical reactions in this sugar-generating process is provided by ATP and NADPH, chemical compounds which contain the energy plants have captured from sunlight.
Explanation:
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Answer: (Structure) mRNA: always single stranded, rRNA: single stranded, twisted upon itself in some regions, tRNA: cloverleaf-like structure
(Function) mRNA: carries the information in the DNA to the ribosomes where it is translated into amino acids of proteins, rRNA: helps assemble tRNA, mRNA, and amino acids to form the polypeptide chain during protein synthesis, tRNA: acts as an adaptor molecule, which identifies correct amino acids corresponding to the anticodon present on it
Explanation: Plato, you're welcome
Answer:
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center and spindle fibers become visible? Explanation: Mitosis involves four distinct stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Prophase is the first step of mitosis, during which chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope dissolves.
