the first is hydroxide. I believe d is the second one but I'm not 100% positive so you may want to get a second opinion
I believe it can be warm because usually the surface below us is warm itself, causing the air to be warm as well. The temperature can vary as well
The answer would be the third one listed, Refraction
5 g is bigger than 43 mg.
I hope this is right, I apologize if I'm wrong.