Answer:
b. intracellular fluid moves to the outside of cells
Explanation:
The presence of an excess of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid would make it hypertonic with respect to the intracellular fluid. The concentration gradient would drive the intracellular fluid towards the outside of the cell to balance the concentration of the fluids on either side. The passive movement of fluids occurs across the cells and is driven by the concentration gradient only. The biological membranes are permeable for fluid movement such as the movement of water across it.
Biologically thinking, I would say viruses.
Viruses are Inert organisms, they are not influenced by temperature on the opposite of other organisms like humans or bacteria (there are some exceptions in bacteria)
Temperature influences proteins, it could change their conformation and their activity, especially for enzymes.
Temperature decreases the energy flow, due to the decrease of thermal agitation of small molecules like ions in cells.
Viruses don't need active enzymes to live, it just needs host cells, which will be easier on cold days because of the decrease of immune system activity
On cold days you can see an emergence of viruses infections like flu or cold.
Hypertension (high blood pressure) has negative effects on health because people with this condition have a higher risk for heart disease and other medical problems than people with normal blood pressure.
If left untreated , hypertension can lead to :
1. heart attack
2. Stroke
3. enlarged heart
4. Kidney damage.
Once the kidneys are damaged, homeostasis in the body is severely impaired because the body no longer has the ability to clear waste products, which when they accumulate tend to poison the body leading to such conditions as uremia.
It’s iterative ontogenetic and di - or polymorphic
