The large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific is what is used to describe an El Niño, so I’m guessing this is what is associated with it.
Latitude influences your weather by determining which type of weather systems will cross the area and how frequently, elevation influences your weather because higher elevations have lower air pressure than lower elevations, thus allowing the air to be colder on average. Local geography influences your weather due to different areas being nearby mountain ranges, bodies of water, and other things that can create or dissimilate different weather systems.