Answer:
1) positive
2) carbocation
3) most stable
4) faster
Explanation:
A common test for the presence of alcohols can be achieved using the Lucas reagent. Lucas reagent is a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride.
The reaction of Lucas reagent reacts with alcohols leading to the formation of an alkyl chloride. Since the reaction proceeds via a carbocation mechanism, tertiary alcohols give an immediate reaction. Once a tertiary alcohol is mixed with Lucas reagent, the solution turns cloudy almost immediately indicating an instant positive reaction.
Secondary alcohols may turn cloudy within five minutes of mixing the solutions. Primary alcohols do not significantly react with Lucas reagent obviously because they do not form stable carbocations.
Therefore we can use the Lucas reagent to distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
The polarity of a water molecule
comes from the uneven distribution of electron density of hydrogen and oxygen
atom. The oxygen in the water molecule is more electronegative than the
hydrogen. Water has a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atom and a
partial negative charge near the oxygen atom. The result of this
electrostatic attraction results in the bond called hydrogen bond. Also,
because of this bond, it has the ability to dissolve most of the solutes due to
its polarity and bonding.
Density is not a chemical property. It is a physical property.Electromotive force, Flammability and pH are chemical properties.
Well, there is kinetic energy when the object is in motion. But it will stop eventually because that energy is converted into thermal energy, or heat.
C + H2O -> H2 + CO
n(C) = 15.9/12 = 1.325 (mol)
=> n(H2) = 1.325 mol
We have:
PV = nRT
=> V = (nRT)/P
(R = 22.4/273 = 0.082)
V = (1.325 x 0.082 x 360)/1 = 39.114 (L)
