Answer:
Are memories stored in just one part of the brain, or are they stored in many different parts of the brain? Karl Lashley began exploring this problem, about 100 years ago, by making lesions in the brains of animals such as rats and monkeys. He was searching for evidence of the engram: the group of neurons that serve as the “physical representation of memory” (Josselyn, 2010). First, Lashley (1950) trained rats to find their way through a maze. Then, he used the tools available at the time—in this case a soldering iron—to create lesions in the rats’ brains, specifically in the cerebral cortex. He did this because he was trying to erase the engram, or the original memory trace that the rats had of the maze.
Lashley did not find evidence of the engram, and the rats were still able to find their way through the maze, regardless of the size or location of the lesion. Based on his creation of lesions and the animals’ reaction, he formulated the equipotentiality hypothesis: if part of one area of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part of the same area can take over that memory function (Lashley, 1950). Although Lashley’s early work did not confirm the existence of the engram, modern psychologists are making progress locating it. Eric Kandel, for example, spent decades working on the synapse, the basic structure of the brain, and its role in controlling the flow of information through neural circuits needed to store memories (Mayford, Siegelbaum, & Kandel, 2012).
Many scientists believe that the entire brain is involved with memory. However, since Lashley’s research, other scientists have been able to look more closely at the brain and memory. They have argued that memory is located in specific parts of the brain, and specific neurons can be recognized for their involvement in forming memories. The main parts of the brain involved with memory are the amygdala, the hippocampus, the cerebellum, and the prefrontal cortex
Answer: the longitude line rotates with Earth, 360 degrees in 24 hours.
Explanation: In the old days, the position of the sun was used to tell which time of the day it is. But more modern findings, has shown that the longitude line matters too.
Answer:
The concentration of chloride ions in the final solution is 3 M.
Explanation:
The number of moles present in a solution can be calculated as follows:
number of moles = concentration in molarity * volume
In 100 ml of a 2 M KCl solution, there will be (0.1 l * 2mol/l) 0.2 mol Cl⁻
For every mol of CaCl₂, there are 2 moles of Cl⁻, then, the number of moles of Cl⁻ in 50 l of a 1.5 M solution will be:
number of moles of Cl⁻ = 2 * number of moles of CaCl₂
number of moles of Cl⁻ = 2 ( 50 l * 1.5 mol / l ) = 150 mol Cl⁻
The total number of moles of Cl⁻ present in the solution will be (150 mol + 0.2 mol ) 150.2 mol.
Assuming ideal behavior, the volume of the final solution will be ( 50 l + 0.1 l) 50.1 l. The molar concentration of chloride ions will be:
Concentration = number of moles of Cl⁻ / volume
Concentration = 150.2 mol / 50.1 l = 3.0 M
B. Heat is a form of energy so boiling it would increase energy. (I guess)