The noncyclic pathway is a FLOW of electrons from water, to photosystem II, to PHOTOSYSTEM I to NADPH. Energy is released as ELECTRONS move through the first electron transfer chain. This energy pumps HYDROGEN IONS into the thylakoid compartment, and then they power the formation of ATP as they flow back out. Sunlight provides the energy needed to keep this cycle going.
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- Luminous energy is trapped by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.
- When the pigment molecules absorb light, electrons provided by water molecules get in a higher energy level.
- The excited electrons go through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to a less energetic level in photosystem I.
- <em>When the excited electrons leave photosystem II, they are replaced by new electrons extracted from the water molecules. </em>
- Luminous energy absorbed move the electrons from the photosystem I to another electron acceptor, from where they get transported again and used to produce NADPH molecules.
- <em>When electrons leave Photosystem I, they are replaced by new electrons coming from photosystem II. </em>
- When the water molecule breaks down, hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid lumen, from where they are pumped to the stroma by the ATP synthase.
- The released energy is used to produce ATP molecules.
- Hydrogen ions go back from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment.
The final products are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
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The breakup of the supercontinent of Rodinia created new mountains and land surface for new organisms to live on.
<h3>What are supercontinents?</h3>
Supercontinents are large continents which are composed of other continental blocks of the earth.
One of the supercontinents was Supercontinent Rodinia.
The breakup of the supercontinent of Rodinia created new mountains providing a land surface for organisms crawling out of the sea to live on.
In conclusion, supercontinents are composed of fused continental blocks.
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Answer:
They are prokaryotes and eukaryotes and prokaryotes are single celled and eukaryotes are multi celled
Explanation:
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Answer: B
Explanation: Researchers have induced differentiating cells to revert to being stem cells. According to Spradling, it has long been known that some specialized, or differentiated, cells in the body can revert to become stem cells to regenerate tissue under particular conditions