Answer:
Immune modulators are the chemical agent that alters the immune system by stimulation or inhibition of the white blood cell activity.
Explanation:
A chemical agent that alters the immune response known as immune modulators. Immune modulators can stimulate or inhibit white cell activity or immune response, It is generally suggested in the poor immune systems because of disease like AIDS or rheumatoid arthritis.
The immune-suppressants use in the case of organ transplant to inhibit the white cell activity because it is a chemical agent that inhibits the white cell activity or immune response.
Thus, the immune suppressants are the agent that only inhibit the immune response whereas the immune modulator can stimulate or inhibit the immune response.
Answer:
Arterial blood gas (ABG) results from a 68-year-old woman with difficulty breathing show:
- Oxygenation (PaO₂): hypoxemia
- pH: acidosis
- PaCO₂: Hypercapnia
- HCO₃⁻: normal
whose interpretation is: <u>respiratory acidosis</u>.
Hypercapnia can produce symptoms such as confusion, drowsiness or lethargy, headache, nausea and vomiting and, in severe states, can cause severe unconsciousness and coma.
Explanation:
Respiratory acidosis is due to a failure in the breathing process that produces <u>hypoventilation</u>, decreasing the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) —hypoxemia— and increasing the partial pressure of CO₂ (PaCO₂), called hypercapnia.
- <u><em>Acidosis</em></u><em> is the result of the accumulation of CO₂ in the body, which is reflected as a decrease in </em><em>pH</em><em> below 7.35, with no change in bicarbonate content.</em>
- <u><em>Hypoxemia</em></u><em> is the decrease of PaO₂ below 60 mmHg.</em>
- <u><em>Hypercapnia</em></u><em> is the increase of PaCO₂ in ABG above 45 mmHg.</em>
- <em>Normal </em><em>bicarbonate</em><em> </em><em>(HCO₃⁻) </em><em>values range from 22 to 28 mEq/L in ABG. This compound can be altered in metabolic acidosis.</em>
<u>Hypercapnia mainly affects the nervous system</u>, producing symptoms that alter the state of consciousness of the affected, also producing headache and even nausea and vomiting.
Answer:
Waste products excreted by kidney are uric acid, urea, creatinine and salts.
Explanation:
Kidneys are the bean shaped organs involved in the process of excretion. The nephrons are present in the kidney acts as the main filtration unit of the excretory system.
The urine is formed by the kidney including three main process - glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. The urine contains excess ions, phenols and sulfates. Some amount of uric acid and creatinine are excreted by the kidney.
Answer:
Bx
Explanation:
Physicians would label it as Bx because in this field Bx is the abbreviation for biopsy (biopsy is a medical test where sample of tissue is removed for examination under typically a microscope to look for abnormalities like cancer, inflammation etc.)
