Membrane-bound proteins that use metabolic energy to move ions across the plasma membrane are known as ion pumps and transporters. Pumps creating a membrane potential across the biological membrane which helping ions to move against a concentration gradient.
Ion pumps are classified into two types based on their method which they are using to move:
1) Primary active transport: They are trans-membrane ATpases, for transport ions up a concentration gradient they hydrolyze the ATP to produce energy.
2) Secondary active transport: They transport the molecules across the cell membrane through the electrochemical gradient generated by pumping out of the cell.
The most important polysaccharide to man. Upon complete hydrolysis will yield glucose molecules. found as a stored polysaccharide in the liver of man and other animals. This is how our bodies store sugars for later use.
If in an eight-cell embryo of an organism, the cells of the upper tier are aligned over the cells of the lower tier at a slight angle, it is likely that the organism is a vertebrate. <span />