"These" should be referring to Alkali Metals.
They include metals such as Lithium, Sodium, Potassium etc.
They're classified as Group I elements because they all have one outmost shell electrons. This is why these metals are so reactive because they only need to lose one electron in order to achieve the octet of electrons (or duplet for Lithium), which means complete outmost shell electrons (2 or the 1st shell, others are 8).
The reason why they're especially reactive to Halogens (Group VII) elements are that Halogens have 7 outmost shell electrons, which only needs one more electron in order to get to the octet of electrons. So, if an Alkali metal reacts with a Halogen, the metal would give one of their electrons to the Halogen, that way, both of the elements can have an octet of electrons (or duplet).
In the absence of competition, P. aurelia grew better than P. caudatum. Every daythere were more P. aurelia than<span>P. caudatum</span>
Answer:
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Explanation:
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was a French biologist which developed the first theory to understand how species change (evolve) over time. This evolutionary concept was published under the name of 'Theory of the Transmutation of Species' in the early 19th century. Subsequently, Darwin published his famous and widely accepted evolutionary theory in the book 'On the Origin of Species' (1859).
Answer:
1. 39 J; 2. 3.9 % usable; 3. 96.1 % unusable
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Available energy
Energy consumed = 1000 J
Less waste = - 177 J
Less respiration = <u>-784 J
</u>
Total energy lost = <u>-961 J
</u>
Available energy = 39 J
2. Percent of total energy usable
The chipmunk could use only 39 J of the original 1000 J.
% of energy usable = 39 J/1000 J × 100 % = 3.9 %
3. Percent of energy unusable
The chipmunk lost 961 J of the original 1000 J.
% of energy unusable = 961 J/1000 J × 100 % = 96.1 %
