The answer would be the first choice or A. "Original ideas that are <em>not</em> your own."
Any piece of information that does not belong to you would require a citation, otherwise it would be considered <em>plagiarism. </em>B and C are incorrect because both of those things belong to you, and therefore don't require citation. D is also incorrect because a general fact doesn't belong to any one person. For example, if you wanted to include the information that dogs can't eat chocolate, that wouldn't require a citation because that is general knowledge that most people are aware of.
I believe it is persuasive. You're trying to get people to help preserve the mountains, da? That essay is trying to persuade them
Assuming the italicized clause is <em>Since its establishment, </em>the correct answer here is elliptical clause.
Elliptical means that a word which would normally be part of a sentence is excluded, usually for stylistic reasons. Here, the verb is missing, which is why it is elliptical. The question is oddly formulated too - given that there is no verb here, it cannot be a clause, but rather a phrase, but since there is no such option here, then the correct answer is elliptical clause.
Still trying to get you to understand the story
A boy named Santosh was going to the market. He saw an umbrella lying on the road. He picked it up and went to police station. There he met the owner of the umbrella. He looked very angry and asked Santosh for explaining him. Santosh said 'I saw this umbrella on road so I brought it here.' The man believed him and took his umbrella back and returned home and Santosh went back to the market.
