Answer:
(b) Voltage gated
Explanation:
The cell membrane acts as a barrier that separates two aqueous media of different composition, the extracellular and the intracellular, regulating its composition. Most of the liposoluble drugs and solutes, when not ionized, directly cross the cell membrane through a passive diffusion process, which facilitates the passage of the medium where it is more concentrated to the one that is more diluted. The difference in concentration between the two media is called the concentration gradient, and diffusion will continue until this gradient is eliminated. According to Fick's law, the speed of this process will be much faster the higher the concentration gradient and the liposolubility of the molecule and the smaller its size.
More hydrophilic molecules, such as ions, are immiscible in membrane lipids and pass through specific specific transport mechanisms. In some cases, ions pass through hydrophilic pores called ion channels, and in others a favor of their concentration gradient is transported by binding to the transporter or transporter proteins. Both transport systems are passive and therefore do not consume energy. The great advantage is that the ion channels allow the flow of ions through a much higher speed than that of any other biological system. The flow of ions through each channel can be measured as an electric current, which is capable of producing rapid changes in membrane potential.
Answer:
Nomad
Explanation:
is a person or group of people without a designated home who roam around in search of food and pasture land. A person who moves from place to place without having a permanent home is an example of anomad.
I hope it's helpful!
Answer:
Humoral immunity involves <u>B cells</u> and<u> recognize antigens or pathogens in the lymph or blood.</u>
Explanation:
Humoral immunity is defined as the immunity which is mediated by several macromolecules presnet in the extracellular fluids such as antibodies, certain antimicrobial peptides, and complement proteins.
Humoral immunity allows to distinguishes two groups of foreign substances. it involves <u>B cells</u> and<u> recognize antigens or pathogens in the lymph or blood. </u>
Humoral immunity begins when an antigens bind to B cells. Interleukins or helper T cells provides a secondary signal to the B cells that activates a B cell and allows B cell proliferation. which roduces produce plasma cells. The plasma cell then produces antibodies which are identical to the specific antigen. The antibodies are the released and circulate through the body, binding to antigens. B cells the further produces memory cellss for future immunity.
So, Humoral immunity involves <u>B cells</u> and<u> recognize antigens or pathogens in the lymph or blood.</u>
The virus needs to speak the molecular language of cells. This is how he manages to dominate and enslave them so that they become factories for new viruses, producing the proteins that the infectious agent requires to assemble its descendants. If this conversation is not fine-tuned, even if the virus has the key and enters, it is doomed to failure.
<h3>Why does a virus lethal to us not infect animals?</h3>
For a virus to be able to enter a cell, it must have the right key. And this key, which are the proteins on the surface of viruses, has to enter the correct lock, the receptors that are on the cell membrane. Cells are actually houses with many different doors and locks. Some viruses have keys that open the lock of any cell and any kind of host, and others do not, so the infection caused by viruses is specific.
With this information, we can conclude that some viruses have keys that open the lock of any cell and any kind of host, and others do not, so the infection caused by viruses is specific.
Learn more about virus in brainly.com/question/1427968
#SPJ1
The answer is
frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype --> q^2
frequency of the heterozygous recessive genotype --> 2pq
frequency of the recessive allele --> q
frequency of the dominant allele --> p
frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype --> p^2
Hope this will help for all
