Answers and Explanation:
a)- The chemical equation for the corresponden equilibrium of Ka1 is:
2. HNO2(aq)⇌H+(aq)+NO−2
Because Ka1 correspond to a dissociation equilibrium. Nitrous acid (HNO₂) losses a proton (H⁺) and gives the monovalent anion NO₂⁻.
b)- The relation between Ka and the free energy change (ΔG) is given by the following equation:
ΔG= ΔGº + RT ln Q
Where T is the temperature (T= 25ºc= 298 K) and R is the gases constant (8.314 J/K.mol)
At the equilibrium: ΔG=0 and Q= Ka. So, we can calculate ΔGº by introducing the value of Ka:
⇒ 0 = ΔGº + RT ln Ka
ΔGº= - RT ln Ka
ΔGº= -8.314 J/K.mol x 298 K x ln (4.5 10⁻⁴)
ΔGº= 19092.8 J/mol
c)- According to the previous demonstation, at equilibrium ΔG= 0.
d)- In a non-equilibrium condition, we have Q which is calculated with the concentrations of products and reactions in a non equilibrium state:
ΔG= ΔGº + RT ln Q
Q= ((H⁺) (NO₂⁻))/(HNO₂)
Q= ( (5.9 10⁻² M) x (6.7 10⁻⁴ M) ) / (0.21 M)
Q= 1.88 10⁻⁴
We know that ΔGº= 19092.8 J/mol, so:
ΔG= ΔGº + RT ln Q
ΔG= 19092.8 J/mol + (8.314 J/K.mol x 298 K x ln (1.88 10⁻⁴)
ΔG= -2162.4 J/mol
Notice that ΔG<0, so the process is spontaneous in that direction.
The oxidation numbers for Nitrogen are respectively -3, +5, +4
Answer:
The 3d and 4s orbitals are completely filled, and the 4p orbital is partially filled.
Explanation:
<span>A neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water. An example of a neutralization reaction is the reaction of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride to form sodium chloride and water. Answer is C.</span>
Answer:
The majority of chemical processes are reactions that occur in solution. Important industrial processes often utilize solution chemistry. "Life" is the sum of a series of complex processes occurring in solution. Air, tap water, tincture of iodine, beverages, and household ammonia are common examples of solutions.Turpentine as a solvent are used in the production of paints, inks and dyes. ↔Water as a solvent is used in the making of food, textiles, soaps and detergents. ↔Alloys are solid solutions that are used in the manufacture of cars, aerospace and other vehicles.Household cleaners like bleach are solutions, they help us to make our houses clean. Beverages such as fizzy drinks, mineral water and tea are solutions. In hydroponics, the roots of plants are immersed in solutions containing dissolved mineral salts.