Excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol and state sales taxes are often criticized for being regressive. Although everyone pays the same rate regardless of income, this might be so because low-income individuals are more prone than high-income individuals to purchase alcohol, tobacco, and gasoline.
<h3>What are Excise taxes?</h3>
- Any duty on produced items that are assessed at the time of manufacture rather than the time of sale is known as an excise or excise tax.
- Excises and customs duties are frequently used interchangeably, although customs taxes are imposed on already-existing products when they cross a defined border in one direction, whereas excise is imposed on goods that were created inland.
- State sales taxes and excise taxes on alcohol and cigarettes are frequently criticized for being regressive.
- Despite the fact that everyone pays the same rate regardless of income, this may be the case because people with low incomes are more likely than those with higher incomes to buy alcohol, cigarettes, and fuel.
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We will classify Mary as been cyclically unemployed because she is unemployed due to the economic downturn.
Basically, the cyclical unemployment is the unemployment experience as a result of economic upturn and downturn.
The cyclical type of unemployment are mostly experienced during economic recessions.
It is obvious that people were not buying as many cars because of economic downturn.
Therefore, in conclusion, we will classify Mary as been cyclically unemployed because she is unemployed due to the economic downturn.
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Answer:
low
Explanation:
cost of borrowing money is less
Answer: 13%
Explanation: The cost of equity can be defined as the return a company pays to its shareholders in return of bearing the risk of investing in the company.
As per the given figures in the question we can say that cost of equity can be determined with the help of dividend discount model, which can be equated as follows :-
where,
ke = cost of equity
D1 = expected dividend
P0 = current price
G = growth rate
So, putting the values into equation we get :-
= 13%
