Answer: no
Explanation: The solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. This process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.
Answer:
That black, sooty-looking substance on the skins of onions is indeed a mold, specifically, Aspergillus niger. It is common on onions, both in the field and once dried, bagged and stored. The fungus typically is found on the outside skins of an onion, and it is harmless, for the most part.
