Based on the context of the paragraph, I would say A. Before.
A, because a proper noun tells the specific place ex. pizza hut.. but a common noun can be any pizzeria
Since a common noun is the opposite of a proper........you cant really change it to a common because it is not a common noun and will never be.Period.
The devices have been used by the author to show the hopeless and bad condition of the agrarians. Even though they are not enjoying any good condition, but still they have to live there and fight to survive and earn their livelihood. They had to swarm the town even if they did not like to.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The chapter talks about the poor conditions of the agrarians. This was done because of the industrialization. The big industries and technology pushed the agrarians on the roads and made their condition miserable and despair. They have to move from one place to another in the search of food and to survive even though they did not like the condition with which they were treated. but they had no option.
Parallelism is used in one of the paragraphs to focus on the simplicity and the despair of the agrarian folks "a simple agrarian folk who had not changed......who had not farmed.....they had not grown up. This repetition of phrases and clauses is parallelism.
