Answer:
B. Unrefined
Explanation:
Are you sure your quote is correct?
The copy of the story I found has the following version of the excerpt:
"The other, astonished to be familiarly addressed by this plain good-wife, did not recognize her at all, and stammered:
"But—madame!—I do not know—You must have mistaken.""
Of the three answer choices, the second one, in my opinion, works best.
A little earlier in the story, we read this about Mathilde:
"Mme. Loisel looked old now. She had become the woman of impoverished households—strong and hard and rough. With frowsy hair, skirts askew, and red hands, she talked loud while washing the floor with great swishes of water."
Unrefined (i.e. uncultured, not characterized by good taste or manners) would definitely be a good word to describe Mathilde Loisel.
The concept of heredity is that genes are not randomly passed down. Well, technically they are but we use punett squares to predict the chances of passing certain traits. Because virtually all traits that are dominant are more common than recessive ones, and because all genes are not passed in a completely random way, it is not just pure chance, but calculated chance by which we can predict the probability of what genes are passed down. Hope this helps!