<span>After seeing what logging had done to other parts of Africa, in 1999 the countries of the Congo Basin decided to find a way to protect the environment and in 2000 put laws into place to make sure that logging and other things didn't have a negative impact of the environment.</span>
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory. The presence of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels near excitatory synapses on dendritic spines suggests their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. However, whether activity-dependent regulation of channels affects excitatory synaptic plasticity is unknown. In a companion article we have reported activity-dependent regulation of GIRK channel density in cultured hippocampal neurons that requires activity oF receptors (NMDAR) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and takes place within 15 min. In this study, we performed whole-cell recordings of cultured hippocampal neurons and found that NMDAR activation increases basal GIRK current and GIRK channel activation mediated by adenosine A(1) receptors, but not GABA(B) receptors. Given the similar involvement of NMDARs, adenosine receptors, and PP1 in depotentiation of LTP caused by low-frequency stimulation that immediately follows LTP-inducing high-frequency stimulation, we wondered whether NMDAR-induced increase in GIRK channel surface density and current may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying this specific depotentiation. Remarkably, GIRK2 null mutation or GIRK channel blockade abolishes depotentiation of LTP, demonstrating that GIRK channels are critical for depotentiation, one form of excitatory synaptic plasticity.
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Over time, those who cannot live through the temperature differences/have undesirable qualities will die off. Overtime, those with desirable qualities are left and they will continue the population.
You drop it barely above the ground
The answer is; desertification
Topsoil is usually the riches soil in terms of nutrient is important in support of plant vegetation. It is rich because it contains humus and other decomposed materials that recycle nutrients. When the topsoil is washed away, the local region becomes barren in that it cannot support vegetation. This causes the area to turn into a desert.
