A level chem naming isomers
1 answer:
Answer:
Butan-1-ol or Butanol
2-methylpropan-2-ol
2-methylpropan-1-ol
Butan-2-ol
Explanation:
Data Give:
Three Isomers are given
names of These =?
Details:
Isomers:
Isomers are those chemical compounds that have same molecular formula but different structures.
In the given question the compound have same molecular formula that is C₄H₉OH but the structures are different.
So due to different structures they are named differently.
The 1st and last one are straight Chains and the other 2 are branched. all the structure have four carbon atoms, one OH group and 9 hydrogen atoms.
Names are given in attachment
butan-1-ol or Butanol
As it contain 4 carbon atoms an -OH group is attached at position 1.
________________
2-methylpropan-2-ol
In this -OH and -CH₃ is attached on carbon 2
_____________
2-methylpropan-1-ol
In this -CH₃ attached at position 2 and -OH is attached on Carbon 1.
______________
Butan-2-ol
In this 4 carbons are in straight chain and a -OH group is attached on position 2 of carbon
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See the sketch attached.
<h3>Explanation</h3>The Lewis structure of a molecule describes
- the number of bonds it has,
- the source of electrons in each bond, and
- the position of any lone pairs of electrons.
Atoms are most stable when they have eight or no electrons in their valence shell (or two, in case of hydrogen.)
- Each oxygen atom contains six valence electrons. It demands <em>two</em> extra electrons to be chemically stable.
- Each sulfur atom contains six valence electrons. It demands <em>two </em> extra electrons to be chemically stable.
- Each hydrogen atom demands <em>one</em> extra electron to be stable.
H₂O contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It would take an extra 2 + 2 × 1 = 4 electrons for all its three atoms are stable. Atoms in an H₂O would achieve that need by sharing electrons. It would form a total of 4 / 2 = 2 O-H bonds.
Each O-H bond contains one electron from oxygen and one from hydrogen. Hydrogen has no electron left. Oxygen has six electrons. Two of them have went to the two O-H bonds. The remaining four become 4 / 2 = 2 lone pairs. The lone pairs repel the O-H bonds. By convention, they are placed on top of the two H atoms.
Similarly, atoms in a SO₂ molecule demands an extra 2 × 2 + 2 = 6 electrons for its three atoms to become chemically stable. It would form 6 / 2 = 3 chemical bonds. Loops are unlikely in molecules without carbon. As a result, one of the two O atoms would form two bonds with the S atom while the other form only one.
Atoms are unstable with an odd number of valence electrons. The S atom in SO₂ would have become unstable if it contribute one electron to each of the three bond. It would end up with 3 × 2 + 3 = 9 valence electrons. One possible solution is that it contributes two electrons in one particular bond. One of the three bonds would be a coordinate covalent bond, with both electrons in that bond from the S atom. In some textbooks this type of bonds are also known as dative bonds.
Dots and crosses denotes the origin of electrons in a bond. Use the same symbol for electrons from the same atom. Electrons from the oxygen atoms O are shown in blue in the sketch. They don't have to be colored.
Answer:275K
Explanation:
