Question

Excessive loss of bone volume and mineral content associated with aging is

Answer 1

The answer to this question would be osteoporosis.

The excessive loss of bone volume will result in multiple small holes formed in the bone. This condition called osteoporosis because the bone/osteo have small hole (porous). This will make the bone weaken and at risk of developing a fracture. 
Osteoporosis is commonly found in elder patient, especially in the postmenopausal woman.